ABSTRACT
Resumen En este artículo, indagamos en la situación de examen ultrasonográfico preaborto en un contexto de ilegalidad, atendiendo a las prácticas discursivas de los profesionales que median las experiencias de visualización, desde la perspectiva de las experiencias y repertorios interpretativos de mujeres jóvenes que se realizan dicho examen. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 25 mujeres que hicieron un aborto en el periodo universitario y que hicieron una ecografía preaborto. El material fue transcrito y analizado desde el paradigma interpretativo. El aborto es clausurado en la situación de examen mediante una particular práctica discursiva de los profesionales en torno a la personificación del feto y la naturalización del lazo materno-fetal. En el examen se produce una incitación sobre la mujer a ver y saber sobre el feto, mientras ella rehúsa la incitación a participar de la visualización. Las jóvenes no producen el enlazamiento dominante o hegemónico entre imágenes, lenguajes y emociones, que las convertiría en madres, pero tampoco producen un enlazamiento alternativo que les permita experimentar el ultrasonido de un modo compatible con la decisión de interrumpir. De este modo, la situación de ecografía se traduce en una experiencia de violencia normativa para las mujeres.
Abstract In this article we investigate the situation of pre-abortion ultrasound examination in a context of illegality, attending to the discursive practices of professionals who mediate viewing experiences, from the perspective of the experiences and interpretive repertoires of young women who were submitted to the examination. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 women who had an abortion in the university period and who did a pre-abortion ultrasound. The material was transcribed and analyzed from the interpretive paradigm. Abortion is ignored in the examination situation through a particular discursive practice of professionals around the personification of the fetus and the naturalization of the maternal-fetal bond. The examination encourages the woman to see and meet the fetus, while she rejects the invitation to participate in the visualization. This women do not produce the hegemonic or dominant link between images, languages, and emotions that would make them mothers, but neither do they produce an alternative link that allows them to experience ultrasound consistent with the decision to interrupt the pregnancy. In this way, the ultrasound situation translates into an experience of normative violence for women.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Ultrasonics , Abortion, Criminal , Ultrasonography , Abortion, Induced , Violence Against Women , Mother-Child RelationsABSTRACT
En este artículo se explora el campo de la sexología en Chile, se analiza cómo lo ven y cómo lo definen los profesionales que se desempeñan en dicho campo. Se hizo un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a 11 profesionales. Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos que los profesionales estudiados no se reconocen en la definición de sexólogo/a. Esta definición es imprecisa como campo disciplinario y no tiene especialización científica. La sexología sin referencia institucional disciplinaria o gremial, carecería de estándares de calidad. La sexología desregulada institucionalmente queda expuesta a déficits de control y fines no legítimos. El/la profesional queda sin designación, ni reconocimiento profesional (no es especialidad o subespecialidad de alguna disciplina), ni tampoco sujeto a control o autoridad científica o gremial especializada. El profesional queda con una definición social construida principalmente a partir de su exposición pública y carente de una autodefinición afirmativa.
This paper explores the professional field of sexology in Chile and also shows how sexologists see and define themselves. A qualitative study was conducted and 11 professionals were interviewed. Main findings indicate that sexology can be defined as a clinical field disciplinarily associated with medicine (urology, gynecology, and to a lesser extent, psychiatry) and psychology (clinical psychology). Sexology appears as private professional practice, though not in public health, and as a professional field, rather than a research area. In addition, there is a two-fold development concerning its conceptual, methodological, and technological approach: sexual medicine and sexual therapy. Finally, interviewees do not recognize themselves as sexologists and there is no evidence of the use of this term in the past.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Attitude of Health Personnel , Sexology , Self Concept , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Background: Unpredictedpregnancy is an evolution of the concepts undesired and unplanned pregnancy. It is more common among vulnerable strata of our society and related to lack of education. Aim: To explore the prevalence and social concomitants of unpredicted pregnancy among young women. Material and Methods: Analysis of the databases of the Sixth National Youth Survey carried out by the Instituto Nacional de la Juventud in Chile during 2009. The universe corresponds to 7570 participants aged between 15 and 29 years, of both genders. Results: Unpredicted pregnancy occurred in 43% of sexually active surveyed women. It was more common among women with a lower educational level and those aged 15 to 24 years, especially during the onset of active sexual life. There was also an inverse relationship between the degree of education, the use of contraception and the age when sexual activity starts. Conclusions: Unpredicted pregnancy is frequent among teenagers and more common among less educated individuals. The frequency of use of contraception is associated in greater measure to the degree of education rather than the age of onset of sexual activity.